Client: ERIA

This study, an extension of the 2022 research, assessed the impact of the Kartu Prakerja program and internet access on beneficiaries’ competencies, productivity, competitiveness, and entrepreneurial skills. As the program was delivered online during the pandemic, internet access—proxied by the number of telecommunications towers (BTS) per district—was found to be critical. Consistent with earlier findings, Kartu Prakerja significantly improved skills and productivity, while better internet access increased beneficiaries’ income, highlighting the need to expand digital infrastructure nationwide.